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The kilowatt hour (kWh)

The electricity companies do not measure energy consumption in joules but rather in kilowatt hours.


The electricity meter in your house counts 'kWh' energy units and the electricity supply company then charges about 8p for each of these units. (The cost varies depending on which 'tariff' you are billed at and the amount of electrical energy the household uses - ask at home to see a bill and look at how it is made up!)


Back in 1990 each time a 1kW appliance is switched on for 1 hour the meter registers 1 kWh and your household owes the Electric Company 7.72p (nowadays it is more like 20p per kWh... costs have risen dramatically!).
 
  It therefore follows that a 500W (or 0.5kW) appliance switched on for 30 minutes (or 0.5h) would cost 2p as only 0.25kWh is used (and the company round up the tiny fractions of a penny owed!).
 
  The formula for calculating the number of kilowatt-hours is:

Energy

E

=
Power

P

x
Time

t

(kWh)
 
(kW)

Remember the power must be in kilowatts (thousands of watts - in all other physics calculations it must be in watts)

 
(h)

Remember the time must be in hours (in all other physics calculations it must be in seconds)

NB Don't use 'T' for time the upper case letter T is used for temperature, lower case 't' stands for time!

Once you have the number of kWh calculating the cost is simple. Multiply the number of 'kWh units' by the cost of one.

Follow these steps in calculations:

    • Extract the information from the question an put it in the top right hand corner - remember to extract the units too!
    • Write out the general equetion in the centre of the page - put the unit for each part in brackets underneath.
    • Compare the units you should have with those you have been given and where necessary make a conversion
    • Put the (correct unit) numerical values into the formula
    • Calculate the answer.
    • Think carefully about the unit the answer should be expressed in.

Common mistakes made in answering questions:

    • Not reading the question carefully.... extracting the information as suggested above helps you to think carefully about what the questions says!
    • Not changing the values given into the values required in the calculation. You need to know what units the equation requires and know how to change from one type to another.
    • Forgetting that Units cost pennies not pounds!.... therefore giving answers that are 100 times too much!

Now try the questions below and then click on the answer icon to check your solution.

 

Q1.  A cooker has a power-rating of 3kW. If a unit of electricity costs 20p, how much does it cost to run the appliance for 3 hours?
Q2. A spindrier has a power-rating of 2.5kW. If a unit of electricity costs 24p, how much does it cost to run the appliance for 30 minutes?
Q3. A washing machine has a power-rating of 2500W. If a unit of electricity costs 24p, how much does it cost to run the appliance for 90 minutes?
Q4. A vacuum cleaner has a power-rating of 1.2kW. If a unit of electricity costs 20p, how much does it cost to run the appliance for a year if it is switched on for 1 hour each day?
Q5. A hairdrier has a power-rating of 750W. If a unit of electricity costs 21p, how much does it cost to run the appliance for a year if it is switched on for 10 minutes each day?

To try some further (more challenging) questions: click here

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